3^rd International Conference on Tropical and Infectious Diseases November 16-17, 2020 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Allergic disease happens when an individual's immune system responds to biologically occurring chemicals that are harmless to most people. Known as allergens, such compounds are present in dust mites, plants, livestock, ticks, pollen, bacteria, moulds and certain medicines.

Clinical immunology associated with disease studies triggered by immune system disorders, i.e. excessive development in all of the system's cell types, hypersensitivities such as asthma, immune system malfunction and other allergies. It also includes other systems ' disorders, where immune response plays a crucial role in the clinical aspects and pathology.

Pediatric infectious diseases / infectious diseases of the childhood are infectious diseases induced by growing age groups of children. Infection from mother to foetus, there is increasing danger in babies and children just born. Death levels are on the rise because of infections. Despite being more endangered the epidemiological characteristics of congenital and neonatal diseases due to bacterial, viral, vector-borne infections.

A Rare disease is any illness affecting a significantly smaller percentage of the population. Most genetic disorders are inherited, and thus persist throughout the individual's entire life and are caused directly by gene or chromosome changes. For certain cases genetic shifts are transmitted from generation to generation. In other cases, they occur at random in a person who is the first to be diagnosed in a family. Lots of unusual illnesses occur early in life. The exact cause for many rare diseases remains unknown. But Environmental factors, viral infections, genetic mutations, diet, smoking, or exposure to chemicals, also can play a role in rare diseases. Many rare diseases, including infections, a few rare cancers, and a few immune system infections, are not inherited. While researchers are learning more each year, the correct cause of many rare diseases is still unknown. Researches are still going on for this uncommon illness.

Human immune deficiency virus is detrimental to the immune system. Untreated HIV contaminates the CD4 cells and causes damage. HIV then kills more and more CD4 cells, because of which the body is expected to get all kinds of illnesses and malignant growths. In general, HIV is transmitted by organic liquids containing blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal and rectal liquids. In general, the infection does not spread by air, water or through simple touch. HIV is a lifelong illness and there is no cure for this extreme disease right now. Without medication, an HIV-positive man would eventually develop a serious condition called AIDS.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or Venereal Diseases (VDs) which are those infections that have passed by sexual contact from one person to another. Bacteria, yeast, bacteria, and viruses are typically responsible for STDs. There are over 20 forms of STDs that affect men and women alike. It affects Women most of all. Antibiotics can treat developing STDs. There is certainly no remedy for virus-initiated STDs, but medications will also help with the symptoms and keep the infection in check.

Lung or airway infection is referred to as Respiratory or Pulmonary infections. Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma, COPD, Influeza, Tuberculosis, Lung Cancer and Pneumonia are the major forms of respiratory infections. Hence, nasopharyngeal infections result in a nasal discharge, bronchitis leads to cough and sputum development, and pneumonia leads to cough and sputum, it also increases respiratory rate and changes in chest radiography. Many viruses contribute to increased bronchitis, while the majority of bacteria contribute to increased pneumonia. Infections usually spread from an infected person to a healthy person when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

The Advancement of gastrointestinal disease diagnosis and treatment has been excellent at the moment. Gastrointestinal infections are infectious, bacterial, or parasitic infections that can cause gastroenteritis, a gastrointestinal tract inflammation that affects both the stomach and small intestine. Symptoms include diarrhea, stomach pain and vomiting. Many new diagnostic approaches and innovative therapeutic mechanisms for gastresophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatic-biliary and post-surgical complications, Barrett's throat, neuroendocrine tumors and gastrointestinal stromal tumors are undergoing consideration.

Vector-borne diseases and zoonotic diseases (VBZD) are infectious diseases which spread via vectors or host animals. Vector-borne diseases such as Dengue, malaria, Lyme disease, in which an organism such as ticks, mosquitoes, or mites transmits a pathogen from one host to another that can be transferred from human to human, or from animal to person. Commonly with increased pathogen virulence at the vector.

Zoonotic diseases such as avian flu, animal flu, anthrax, bird flu can spread from animals to humans either through animal contact or through vectors that transmit animal to human zoonotic pathogens. Although many vectors with diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and murine typhus are seldom seen, other disease-borne vectors are climate prone, and climate change-related environmental changes are likely to affect the occurrences and spread of these diseases.

Cancer is a complex group of multi- illnesses. Learning more about the known causes of cancer remains therefore an important issue. In addition, infection, and its connection with cancers, is controversial among all these factors. Infectious agents, such as hepatitis B (HBV), C viruses (HCV), type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein- virus (EBV), Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), contribute to the pathogenesis of various cancers.

Such cancers include hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, cervical cancer, non- lymphoma. Screenings of infectious diseases in cancer patients that open the research areas for identifying strategies to improve cancer control.

Dental and oral infections are among human diseases that are most common. Two frequently occurring oral diseases are periodontal illness and caries disease. Dental caries is one of adolescence's most well-known chronic disease that is widely ignored by youths. Periodontal disease is adult infectious disease which is generally known. Chronic parodontitis affects at least 1/3 of the population, which is a bacterially instigated degradation of the attachment of the tooth to the bone. The Non-disposable items such as dental instruments between patients should be washed and disinfected. On another user, the disposable dental instruments and needles will never be used again. Contamination control and precautionary measures jointly required for the use of protective garments, such as gloves, coverings, uniforms and eyewear by all dental personnel involved with quiet treatment.

With the high rate of emerging Infectious Diseases across the Tropical region there is more and more requirement of Medicine and new preventive measure especially in the Under developed countries. Tropical medicine doctors treat patients with a wide range of tropical infections including malaria and hepatitis.

Vaccines are the products which can produce immunity from a disease and can be administered to the organism through needle injections, by mouth or by aerosol. Vaccination is the injection of either killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism. The most common and serious vaccine-preventable diseases tracked by the World Health Organization are: Diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infection, Hepatitis B virus infection, Measles, Meningitis, Mumps, Pertussis, Poliomyelitis, Rubella, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, and Yellow fever. Various therapies like Gene therapies are considered as the potential treatment for various infectious diseases as well as Hereditary Genetic Diseases. Gene therapy may be used to mediate the spread of the infectious agent at the extracellular level.

Infectious diseases prevention and control is helpful to prevent the transmission of infectious/communicable diseases. Some prevention must be followed like sanitation, hand washing, food & water safety and vaccination for infection prevention and control to decrease the spread of microorganisms and diseases. Anti-infective agents include antibiotics, antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals and antiprotozoals which control the growth of disease causing organisms. Sterilization is another process of killing microorganisms by Physical, Chemical and other physio-chemical methods. Disinfection is also a process of killing harmful microorganisms. Some infectious diseases can be prevented by avoiding direct contact with the infected person. Infections can also be controlled and prevented by creating public awareness on infectious diseases and their outbreaks. Public Health awareness refers to the important role that community knowledge and enthusiasm has in building manageable societies. It includes delivering knowledge to remote communities requires strategies for effective communication regarding infections treatment and control and maintenance of good hygienic conditions by creating healthy environment and infection free world.

Medical diagnosis is the process of determining the type of disease or condition that explains a person's symptoms and signs. Laboratory tests may identify the organisms directly by visualizing the organism on a culture by a microscope or indirectly identifying antibodies to the organism. General types of tests include microscopy, culture and immunologic tests i:e; agglutination tests such as western blot, latex agglutination, enzyme immunoassays, complement fixation tests, precipitation tests and nucleic acid/ no- nucleic acid-based identification methods. Treatment of infections involves patient care and moral support including corresponding therapies. Bacterial infections can be easily treated by administering antibiotics to the patients. Yeast infections can be primarily treated by sterilization and the parasitic infections can be treated by antiparasitic drugs. Diseases such as cancer can be treated by chemotherapy techniques. Advanced techniques have proved that there is no disease that cannot be treated.